joinmet Journal of Marine and Engineering Technology 2791-7134 Sakarya University of Applied Sciences 10.58771/joinmet.1695267 Transportation Engineering Ulaştırma Mühendisliği Karayolları alttemel ve temel tabakalarının Abaqus programı ile modellemesi Modeling of highway subbase and base layers using Abaqus software https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2210-7995 Çarıcı Beste https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-152X Öner Jülide Usak University 06 25 2025 5 1 61 75 05 08 2025 06 05 2025 Copyright © 2021, Journal of Marine and Engineering Technology 2021 Journal of Marine and Engineering Technology

Karayolları, trafik hacmi, çevresel koşullar ve dayanıklılık gibi faktörlere uygun şekilde tasarlanması gereken, şehirleri ve bölgeleri birbirine bağlayan önemli ulaşım altyapılarıdır. Karayollarının fiziksel yapısı; üstyapı, temel ve alt temel katmanları ile toprak zemin tabakasından oluşmaktadır. Bu katmanların her biri, trafik yüklerini desteklemek, dağıtmak ve uzun ömürlü bir yol performansı sağlamak amacıyla dikkatle tasarlanmaktadır. Alt temel ve temel katmanları, yol yapısının stabilitesini artırmak ve trafik yüklerinin zemine eşit şekilde dağılmasını sağlamak için özel olarak tasarlanmaktadır. Bu katmanların kalitesi, yolun uzun ömürlü ve düşük bakım gerektiren bir yapıya sahip olmasında belirleyicidir. Karayollarının tasarımı ve inşasında kullanılan malzemeler ve mühendislik teknikleri hem maliyet hem de sürdürülebilirlik açısından optimize edilmelidir. Bu optimizasyonların ne tür etkileri olacağını deneyebilmek ve çeşitli varyasyonları görebilmek adına sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak alternatif zemin koşullarını Simulia Abaqus/CAE programı kullanılarak tasarlanan modelden geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Karayollarında bulunan katmanlara yüklenmiş dairesel yüklemenin neden olduğu gerilmenin, katmanlara olan etkileri örnek bir model seçilmiş ve üzerinde gösterilmiştir.

Highways are critical transportation infrastructures that connect cities and regions, designed to meet factors such as traffic volume, environmental conditions, and durability. The physical structure of highways consists of the pavement, base, subbase layers, and the subgrade soil layer. Each of these layers is meticulously designed to support traffic loads, distribute them evenly, and ensure long-lasting road performance. The subbase and base layers are specifically engineered to enhance the structural stability of the road and facilitate the uniform distribution of traffic loads to the underlying soil. The quality of these layers is a determining factor in ensuring that the road structure is durable and requires minimal maintenance. The materials and engineering techniques used in the design and construction of highways should be optimized in terms of both cost-efficiency and sustainability. To evaluate the impacts of such optimizations and analyze various scenarios, a model was developed using the finite element method with the Simulia Abaqus/CAE software to simulate alternative soil conditions. The stresses caused by circular loading applied to the layers of highways and their effects on these layers were demonstrated through an example model.

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