ictimaiyat İçtimaiyat 2602-3377 Hidayet KARA 10.33709/ictimaiyat.1379016 Youth Sociology Gençlik Sosyolojisi Porno İçeriği Tüketimi ve Mastürbasyonun Bağımlılık Örüntüsü: Tüketici Deneyimleri, Tüketici Özellikleri ve İlişkisel Faktörler The Addictive Pattern of Porn Consumption and Masturbation: Consumer Experiences, Consumer Characteristics and Relational Factors https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4765-3319 Acar Burak TOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5502-3811 Akıncı Habibullah YOZGAT BOZOK ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9989-8575 Yaman Ömer Miraç İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ 05 31 2024 8 1 106 125 10 20 2023 02 28 2024 Copyright © 2017, İçtimaiyat 2017 İçtimaiyat

Bu araştırmanın amacı pornografi izleme ve eşlik eden mastürbasyonun nasıl bir davranış bağımlılığına dönüştüğünü anlamaya çalışmaktır. Bu amaç için altı erkek ve altı kadından oluşan bir çalışma grubundan veri toplanmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu ile görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Fenomenolojik yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. Bulgular katılımcıların deneyimlerini, tüketim davranışlarını ve pornografi ile ilişkilerini içermektedir. Katılımcılar pornografi ile erken yaşlarda tanışmaktadırlar. Pornografi ile tanışmada arkadaşlar ve kişisel merak belirleyicidir. Katılımcıların çoğunluğunun ebeveynleri ile sorunlu ilişkileri olduğu aktarılmıştır. Pornografik içeriklere mobil cihazlardan ulaşıldığı belirtilmiştir. İlk tüketimlerin erotik içerikler olduğu aktarılırken, daha sonraki izlemeler işkence ve zarar verici ilişkilerin olduğu “hardcore” içeriklerdir. Sosyal medya pornografi bağımlılığı sürecinde etkilidir. Yazılı erotik içeriklerin paylaşıldığı “Whatpadd” sitesinin özellikle kadın katılımcılar tarafından ziyaret edildiği belirtilmiştir. Pornografik içerikler ilk deneyimlerde cinsel haz alma amacıyla tüketilirken, ilerleyen zamanlarda yeni ve farklı tür içerikler görmek amacıyla tüketimler gerçekleşmektedir. Pornografik içeriklere karşı tolerans gelişimi diğer bağımlılık türlerine benzer özellikler içermektedir.

The purpose of this research is to try to understand how watching pornography and accompanying masturbation turn into a behavioral addiction. For this purpose, data were collected from a study group of six men and six women. Interviews were conducted with a semi-structured questionnaire. Qualitative research method was preferred. The phenomenological approach has been adopted. The findings include the experiences of the participants, their consumption behaviors and their relations with pornography. Participants are introduced to pornography at an early age. Friends and personal curiosity are decisive in getting acquainted with pornography. It was reported that the majority of the participants had problematic relationships with their parents. Some participants cited their childhood experiences, parental relationships and the emotional state that develops due to adolescence as the cause of pornography addiction. It has been stated that pornographic content is accessed from mobile devices. While it is reported that the first consumptions are erotic content, later viewings are "hardcore" content with torture and harmful relationships. Social media is effective in the pornography addiction process. It was stated that the “Whatpadd” site, where written erotic content is shared, was visited by female participants in particular. While pornographic content is consumed for the purpose of sexual pleasure in the first experiences, consumption takes place in order to see new and different kinds of content in the future. The development of tolerance to pornographic content includes features similar to other types of addiction.

 pornografi tüketim bağımlılık cinsellik mastürbasyon pornography consumption addiction sex masturbation Askun, D., & Ataca, B. (2007). Sexuality related attitudes and behaviors of Turkish University students. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36(5), 741-752. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10508-007-9186-Z Ballester-Arnal, R., García-Barba, M., Castro-Calvo, J., Giménez-García, C., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2022). Pornography Consumption in People of Different Age Groups: an Analysis Based on Gender, Contents, and Consequences. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13178-022-00720-Z/TABLES/4 Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel Araştırmalarda Örnekleme Yöntemleri ve Örnek Hacmi Sorunsalı Üzerine Kavramsal Bir İnceleme. Journal, 7(1), 231-274. Biggest Porn Collection | How Much Porn Does Pornhub Have. (21.09.2022). https://www.popularmechanics.com/culture/web/a29623446/pornhub-porn-data-storage/ Boğa, N. (2019). Akdeniz ve Ege Bölgesinde Cinsel ve Porno Bağımlılığının Psikolojik Semptomlarla Olan İlişkisinin İncelenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Boies, S. C. (2002). University students’ uses of and reactions to online sexual information and entertainment: Links to online and offline sexual behaviour. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 11, 77-89. Bruce L. Berg, H. L. (2019). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Eğitim Yayınevi. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=TF-zDwAAQBAJ Buzzell, T. (2005). Demographic characteristics of persons using pornography in three technological contexts. Sexuality & Culture, 9(1), 28-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908761 Buzzell, T. (2006). The effects of sophistication, access and monitoring on use of pornography in three technological contexts. 26(2), 109-132. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639620590518988 Cooper, A., Delmonico, D. L., & Burg, R. (2000). Cybersex users, abusers, and compulsives: New findings and implications. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 7(1-2), 5-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160008400205 Çelik, H., Başer Baykal, N., Nur, H., & Memur, K. (2020). Nitel Veri Analizi ve Temel İlkeleri Qualitative Data Analysis and Fundamental Principles. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi-ENAD Journal of Qualitative Research in Education-JOQRE Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi-Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 8(1), 379-406. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.8c.1s.16m Dey, Ian. (1993). Qualitative data analysis : a user-friendly guide for social scientists. New York, NY. https://www.routledge.com/Qualitative-Data-Analysis-A-User-Friendly-Guide-for-Social-Scientists/Dey/p/book/9780415058520 Flood, M. (2007). Exposure to pornography among youth in Australia. Journal of Sociology, 43(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783307073934 George, M., Maheshwari, S., Chandran, S., & Rao, T. S. S. (2019). Psychosocial Aspects of Pornography. 1(1), 44-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631831818821535 Goodson, P., McCormick, D., & Evans, A. (2001). Searching for sexually explicit materials on the Internet: an exploratory study of college students’ behavior and attitudes. Archives of sexual behavior, 30(2), 101-118. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002724116437 Grubbs, J. B., Stauner, N., Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., & Lindberg, M. J. (2015). Perceived Addiction to Internet Pornography and Psychological Distress: Examining Relationships Concurrently and over Time. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 29(4), 1056-1067. https://doi.org/10.1037/ADB0000114 Häggström-Nordin, E., Hanson, U., & Tydén, T. (2005). Associations between pornography consumption and sexual practices among adolescents in Sweden. International journal of STD & AIDS, 16(2), 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1258/0956462053057512 Hald, G. M., & Štulhofer, A. (2015). What Types of Pornography Do People Use and Do They Cluster? Assessing Types and Categories of Pornography Consumption in a Large-Scale Online Sample. 53(7), 849-859. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2015.1065953 Husain, O., & Trepal, H. (2021). The Elephant in the Room: Pornography Addiction and the American Muslim Community. Içinde ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/elephant-room-pornography-addiction-american/docview/2540527590/se-2?accountid=25247 Karim, R., & Chaudhri, P. (2012). Behavioral addictions: an overview. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 44(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2012.662859 Kraus, S. W., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., First, M. B., Stein, D. J., Kaplan, M. S., Voon, V., Abdo, C. H. N., Grant, J. E., Atalla, E., & Reed, G. M. (2018). Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 109-110. https://doi.org/10.1002/WPS.20499 Kraus, S. W., Rosenberg, H., Martino, S., Nich, C., & Potenza, M. N. (2017). The development and initial evaluation of the Pornography-Use Avoidance Self-Efficacy Scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(3), 354. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.057 Lam, C. B., & Chan, D. K. S. (2007). The use of cyberpornography by young men in Hong Kong: Some psychosocial correlates. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36(4), 588-598. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10508-006-9124-5 Malki, K., Rahm, C., Öberg, K. G., & Ueda, P. (2021). Frequency of Pornography Use and Sexual Health Outcomes in Sweden: Analysis of a National Probability Survey. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 18(10), 1735-1751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.08.003 Maltz, W., & Maltz, L. (2022). Porno Tuzağı: Pornonun Yol Açtığı Sorunların Üstesinden Gelmek İçin Temel Bir Rehber. Ciss Kitap. Manning, J. C. (2006). The Impact of Internet Pornography on Marriage and the Family: A Review of the Research. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 13(2-3), 131-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160600870711 Mattebo, M., Larsson, M., Tydén, T., & Häggström-Nordin, E. (2014). Professionals’ perceptions of the effect of pornography on Swedish adolescents. Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.), 31(3), 196-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/PHN.12058 Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (JOSSEY-BASS HIGHER & ADULT EDUCATION SERIES). 320. https://books.google.com/books/about/Qualitative_Research.html?id=tvFICrgcuSIC Mete, B., Söyiler, V., Pehlivan, E., Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı, Ç., İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü Halk Sağlığı Başkanlığı, B., & Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı, İ. (2020). Adölesanlarda Sigara İçme ve Madde Kullanma Prevalansı. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 21(1), 64-71. Mitchell, K. J., Becker-Blease, K. A., & Finkelhor, D. (2005). Inventory of problematic Internet experiences encountered in clinical practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(5), 498-509. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.36.5.498 Mitchell, K. J., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2007). Trends in youth reports of sexual solicitations, harassment and unwanted exposure to pornography on the Internet. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 40(2), 116-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2006.05.021 Morrison, T., Bearden, A., Harriman, R. L., Morrison, M., & Ellis, S. R. (2004). Correlates of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Material among Canadian Post-Secondary Students. undefined. Müller, K. W., Glaesmer, H., Brähler, E., Woelfling, K., & Beutel, M. E. (2013). Prevalence of internet addiction in the general population: results from a German population-based survey. 33(7), 757-766. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2013.810778 Nestler, E. J. (2005). Is there a common molecular pathway for addiction? Nature neuroscience, 8(11), 1445-1449. https://doi.org/10.1038/NN1578 Neverfap Akademi. (t.y.). Hakkımızda (18.06.2023), https://neverfapakademi.com/hakkimizda/. Oddone-Paolucci, E., Genuis, M., & Violato, C. (2000). A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of pornography. Içinde The changing family and child development. (ss. 48-59). Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Özdemir, M. (2010). Nitel Veri Analizi: Sosyal Bilimlerde Yöntembilim Sorunsalı Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 323-343. Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2011). The Use of Sexually Explicit Internet Material and Its Antecedents: A Longitudinal Comparison of Adolescents and Adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40(5), 1015. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10508-010-9644-X Prause, N. (2019). Porn Is for Masturbation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(8), 2271-2277. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10508-019-1397-6/METRICS Sabina, C., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2008a). The Nature and Dynamics of Internet Pornography Exposure for Youth. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 691-693. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0179 Sabina, C., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2008b). The Nature and Dynamics of Internet Pornography Exposure for Youth. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11(6), 691-693. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0179 Svedin, C. G., Åkerman, I., & Priebe, G. (2011). Frequent users of pornography. A population based epidemiological study of Swedish male adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 34(4), 779-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADOLESCENCE.2010.04.010 Taylor, K. (2021). ‘Accessing something that’s meant to be inaccessible’: pornography viewers’ reconciliation between early pornographic memories and pornography’s perceived risk. Porn Studies, 8(1), 39-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2020.1736609 Ünübol, H., Ünübol, B., Tutgun Ünal, A., Hızlı Sayar, G., Üniversitesi, Ü., & Bilimleri Üniversitesi, S. (2023). Siber Pornografi Kullanım Envanteri-9’un Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 24(4), 448-460. Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J., Fowler, J. S., Tomasi, D., Telang, F., & Baler, R. (2010). Addiction: Decreased reward sensitivity and increased expectation sensitivity conspire to overwhelm the brain’s control circuit. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology, 32(9), 748. https://doi.org/10.1002/BIES.201000042 Wang, Y., Jiang, L., Jing, T., Chen, Q., Ma, S., Guo, J., & Wang, X. (2022). Risk Factors of Addictive Internet Use Among Rural Chinese Adolescents: from a Cumulative Risk Perspective. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11469-022-00930-X/TABLES/4 Waters, J. (2014). Snowball sampling: a cautionary tale involving a study of older drug users. 18(4), 367-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2014.953316 Wilson, G. (2022). Pornodaki Beyniniz İnternet Pornografisi ve Bağımlılık Bilimi. Ciss Kitap. Wright, P. J., Tokunaga, R., & Herbenick, D. (2022). Pornography, Masturbation, and Relational Satisfaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2022.2131705. Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2005). Exposure to internet pornography among children and adolescents: a national survey. Cyberpsychology & behavior : the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society, 8(5), 473-486. https://doi.org/10.1089/CPB.2005.8.473. Yıldırım, A., & Simsek, H. (1999). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (11 baski: 1999-2018). Zattoni, F., Gül, M., Soligo, M., Morlacco, A., Motterle, G., Collavino, J., Barneschi, A. C., Moschini, M., & Moro, F. D. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pornography habits: a global analysis of Google Trends. International Journal of Impotence Research, 33(8), 824-831. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-020-00380-w Zimbardo, P., & Coulombe, N. D. (2017). Bitik erkekler. Teknoloji erkekliği nasıl sabote etti. Çev. (T. Yalur). Pegasus Yayıncılık.